AFAIK there is no way out of the box to support what you're after, but it could be achieved in a number of ways.
For example - create a separate Nuxeo document for each language variant and then link them together with relations. Some customization would be required to track which document had which language, to filter documents on language variant (e.g., only show documents in French), modify views to show language of document, etc. You could create a button and process to create a new language variant document from the original English (or French) document, which could pre-fill fields and create a link to the single instance of the underlying asset (e.g., a Word document).
