Hi,
yab, the content you've uploaded will be stored in in your Alfresco content store in most cases on the filesystem. You can define this base location yourself in a properties-file. But within this system folder you'll not find your alfresco repository structure as folders. The location of your content in this base folder is managed by alfresco through a optimized strategy, it is not "human readable".
Instead you should use any alfresco client or client API to browse your repo content.
Cheers, Jan