Hello,
you can only remove properties safely and without side-effects if no nodes in any of Alfrescos stores uses the affected properties. Otherwise, you need to update your model in a two-step process.
Step 1: Write and execute a patch (subclass of AbstractPatch or AbstractModuleComponent, using Alfresco Java API) or a SQL script to remove the obsolete property values from the database (maybe map them onto some new properties that you can safely add in this step).
Step 2: Deploy updated model with obsolete properties removed.
You only need to perform a reindex if you chose to remove the old properties via a SQL script. If you remove them via the appropriate NodeService API in step 1, SOLR will automatically index these changes and there is no need for a full reindex.
Regards
Axel