You should check your tomcat logs to see the ldap errors for more info.
My ldap opendj requires authentication no anonymous allowed. So i noticed that in order for ldap authentication to work I had to have this field (ldap.synchronization.java.naming.security.principal) in my alfresco-global.properties file. I dont have sync turned on. Otherwise it can't authenticate?
ldap.synchronization.active=false
ldap.synchronization.java.naming.security.authentication=simple
ldap.synchronization.java.naming.security.principal=cn\=connect,ou=\People,dc\=derpderp,dc\=com
ldap.synchronization.java.naming.security.credentials=password1234
ldap.synchronization.queryBatchSize=0
ldap.synchronization.attributeBatchSize=0
ldap.synchronization.groupQuery=(objectclass\=groupOfNames)
ldap.synchronization.groupDifferentialQuery=(&(objectclass\=groupOfNames)(!(modifyTimestamp<\={0})))
ldap.synchronization.personQuery=(objectclass\=inetOrgPerson)
ldap.synchronization.personDifferentialQuery=(&(objectclass\=inetOrgPerson)(!(modifyTimestamp<\={0})))
ldap.synchronization.groupSearchBase=ou\=Groups,dc\=derpderp,dc\=com
ldap.synchronization.userSearchBase=ou\=People,dc\=derpderp,dc\=com
ldap.synchronization.modifyTimestampAttributeName=modifyTimestamp
ldap.synchronization.timestampFormat=yyyyMMddHHmmss'Z'
ldap.synchronization.userIdAttributeName=cn
ldap.synchronization.userFirstNameAttributeName=givenName
ldap.synchronization.userLastNameAttributeName=sn
ldap.synchronization.userEmailAttributeName=mail
ldap.synchronization.userOrganizationalIdAttributeName=o
ldap.synchronization.defaultHomeFolderProvider=largeHomeFolderProvider
ldap.synchronization.groupIdAttributeName=cn
ldap.synchronization.groupDisplayNameAttributeName=description
ldap.synchronization.groupType=groupOfNames
ldap.synchronization.personType=inetOrgPerson
ldap.synchronization.groupMemberAttributeName=member
ldap.synchronization.enableProgressEstimation=true
ldap.authentication.java.naming.read.timeout=0