Yes. Alfresco provides out-of-the-box content model which provides some default metadata. For adding information like name,address,city,etc to documents, you can prepare your custom model in Alfresco and then upload documents of that custom type. This will bind your address information to alfresco documents.
You can certainly create custom aspect within your custom content model which will have all those properties. Associate that aspect with your document and populate those properties.Am I missing anything?