Hello,
Alfresco does not support remote / external storage locations out-of-the-box, so no, without doing a proper upload or import (Bulk Import Tool), content will not be available (index / search) in Alfresco. As I have not yet worked with the Bulk Import Tool myself, I don't know how many and what steps need to be performed in order to use this to import the files into Alfresco via shared drive without actually moving them (except temporarily for indexing / extraction purposes). But this tool would be the way I would go in further investigations / evaluations.
Regards
Axel