To help us work out some of the more straight-forward install issues, try running the install and run .bat script files from a command prompt (cmd) in the c:\alfresco directory.
If there are any problems with locating MySQL, or the database hasn't been created sucessfully, then messages that normally disappear from view are visible and should help.
The simple scripts assume that Alfresco is installed in C:\ and if you put it anywhere else, you will need to adjust the start & stop scripts.
Likewise, they assume that MySQL is installed in C:\mysql and not configured as a service. If you already have MySQL installed and running, comment (rem) out the lines that start & stop MySQL from the Alfresco scripts.
Lastly, if you already have Tomcat running, you're best off stopping your existing one while playing with Alfresco (unless you fancy monkeying with port settings). Same goes for JBoss - if you already have it, then don't run it while using Alfresco.
Any other issues, post messages in the appropriate forum.
Cheers
Paul.