There is no support to do this at the moment for datetime (and the wildcards you could use will lower case and miss) It is a reasonable extension to have constraints on the upper and lower bits of datetime used. At the moment you can ignore everything below hour etc etc)
For date the index contains tokens of the form yyyy-MM-dd
If you quote it - you will get stuff tokenised and the * will fail to parser to a date
So
@myest\:birthday:????\-09\-24
should give you a wildcard query that matches (and does not have to be valid date)
The date time analyser creates individual tokens for each field. The problem is you can not query these direct. At some point we will add some more date functions to expose this.