In our experience we found that the amount of memory needed for SOLR is what really needs to be paid attention to when looking at installations with a large amount of nodes. We implemented a records management system with somewhere around 300,000 nodes and had to add lots of RAM to optimize the Alfresco system. We implemented this under version 3.4 but are now at 4.1.
The official Alfresco product documentation has a calculator to assist in estimating the amount of memory needed for SOLR.
We are looking to separate SOLR from the repository (i.e. run them on separate CPUs) in the future as we keep adding more nodes to our repository.
Hope this helps,
Lw