1. Since a process engine will be started you could try adding a breakpoint here:
ProcessEngineConfigurationImpl.java
<java>
public ProcessEngine buildProcessEngine() {
init();
return new ProcessEngineImpl(this);
}
</java>
and starting from this breakpoint you'll see which is the caller method and where will go next..
2. about your next step, did you read this chapter? 4.3.2. Starting a process instance ?
here you'll find how a process instance could be created and then you'll know where you could put breakpoints.
I think you could put some breakpoints into sevices and then when your client application will try to do something for sure the execution will stop in one of these breakpoints. then you could start investigating the stacktrace and you could start running the code step by step.
TaskServiceImpl, RuntimeServiceImpl, RepositoryServiceImpl.
3. A good idea could be to start investigating the JUnit tests (from these tests you'll learn how Activiti is expecting to work)
Enjoy.