In fact alfresco provide the method(setType()) to change type of a node in public service api,but it is not exposed as webservice.
And this mothod should be used with caution since calling it changes the type of the node and thus implies a different set of aspects, properties and associations. It is the calling codes responsibility to ensure that the node is in a approriate state after changing the type.
If your old type and new type have most properties aspects and associations in common ,you can give it a try.
Otherwise you 'd better iterate every node you want to change type ,create a node with new type ,copy properties/apsects/associations from old node to new node ,then delete old node.