Hello,
I am sorry, but this is actually not possible as you already presumed. The data model for workflows is a one-time declarative definition of the workflow / task data and cannot be enhanced with dynamic aspects (as nodes can be). You CAN add any arbitrary property to the data of a workflow / task, but that will not be exposed to the outside world (i.e. forms) unless it has been defined via the type or a mandatory aspect. This is due to the fact that Alfresco services use the type and mandatory aspects to look up "expected" data and don't process any other data they "don't know of".
Regards
Axel