There is no limit to the content size unless you configure a quota or content limit.
Disk size limits may be an issue, but modern filesystems will handle multi GB files without problem.
Your analysis could be triggered by the upload, for example by a rule. And that rule could then file results in whatever way makes sense, there are lots of options.
For example I have a site in alfresco that I load large video presentations of about 1GB. They automatically get metadata extracted and converted to other formats like mp4.
I've also seen a demo of a use of alfresco to store medical scans in DICOM format from (I presume) a MRI scanner. The content is then tagged, and processed and made available to the doctors that need access to that information.