You can't get these information using Lucene, because these are not content but model. To retrieve all the information about the content model you have to use the DictionaryService that allows you to get all the custom content model structures (types, aspects, properties and associations).
The DictionaryService is one of the services exposed by the Alfresco Java API (FoundationAPI), if you are using the Web Services API of Alfresco you could use this service using the Dictionary Web Service: http://wiki.alfresco.com/wiki/Dictionary_Web_Service