You will need to implement the org.activiti.engine.impl.variable.VariableType interface and register it with the process engine. All the current supported variable types are implemented that way, so they should give you a good way to get going.
> I'm using the Activiti-Explorer, so it needs to be changeable without the need of engin-restart.
What do you mean by this? You will need config changes - which needs a restart.
> I've noticed, that the the function org.activiti.bpmn.converter.BpmnXMLConverter #addConverter() is now public, so is this the best way to add a data object type?
No, this is the class that converts the BPMN 2.0 xml to Java.