Sure: Alfresco uses log4j for logging. To avoid writign to many log messages (which can slow the thing to a crawl), most logging is disabled. The log4j.properties file controls what is logged, it's in Alfresco\tomcat\webapps\alfresco\WEB-INF\classes directory, remove the comment indicator "#" from the start of a line to enable that log, use sparingly.
Oh yeah, there are kinds of deployment for tomcat, regular and exploded. Regular means everything is packed into the alfresco.war file (really just a zip file, but renamed). When tomcat starts, it unzips (explodes) the app into the webapps directory. If you unzip it yourself and move the war file, you can then edit all those config files.
Look up Tomcat webapp management for more details.