The <@standalone> directive is provided by the org.springframework.extensions.directives.StandaloneWebScriptWrapper class. The full JavaDoc reads:
<java>
/**
* <p>This FreeMarker Directive can be used as the outer-wrapper in a WebScript FreeMarker template to add the the
* {@link OutputCSSContentModelElement} and {@link OutputJavaScriptContentModelElement} instances into the {@link ExtensibilityModel}
* when the WebScript is not processed within the context of a {@link Page}. This ensures that any dependency files are
* loaded into the page.</p>
* <p>TODO: Currently this only outputs the JS and CSS deferred content model elements. This could be further enhanced to add
* additional content elements that set up the structure of a page</p>
*
* @author David Draper
*/
</java>
There is no complete list of all the FreeMarker directives - either part of FreeMarker, Surf or Alfresco - that I am aware of.