in Community edition Full sync never happens on startup, only incremental syncs happen at startup. Full sync can only happen via the scheduled sync job. Assuming that what you want to do is:
1. do one full sync
2. switch back to incremental sync
You'll want to do the following:
1. in alfresco-global.properties, set:
synchronization.import.cron=0 30 9 * * ?
Note that that's quartz cron, not unix cron. So the first number is
*seconds*. I set it to 9:30 just for debugging. You would set it to
a few (e.g., 5-10) minutes. It needs to be set long enough away from
now that alfresco would finish starting up before the cron job fires.
2. in the same file, set:
synchronization.synchronizeChangesOnly=false
3. save that file and restart alfresco.
4. wait for the sync to fire and complete.
5. change the schedule back to something more reasonable, e.g., midnight.
6. change synchronizeChangesOnly to true so the next scheduled
sync will be incremental.
7. restart alfresco.
If your LDAP is small enough that you don't mind doing full syncs all the time, you could just keep synchronizeChangesOnly=false all the time.