Those two API's you mention are for retrieving 'Related Content' from a task or process instance.
To get content that was attached to a task via a form, you need to know the variable in which it is stored in activiti (which is configured in the form field popup, typically it's the same as the label with whitespaces and funny characters removed).
Using that id, you can get the content via GET api/enterprise/content/{contentId}/raw