Unfortunatly internet browsers only pull information from a web server, Its always been a huge restriction in building web applications.
Although the alfresco repository can call your code via a policy when content changes there's no way for that server-side code to contact your browser.
There's two work-arounds for this limitation in your web browser. One is for your browser to poll the server until you see a change. You can either do this through ECMA script or AJAX. The other solution is to write a Java Applet.